تأثیر محلول پاشی برگی اوره، سولفات روی و اسید بوریک بر کیفیت و غلظت آن عناصر در میوه کیوی‌فروت طلایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

3 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر به­منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی برگی اوره، سولفات­روی و اسید بوریک بر صفات کمی و کیفی میوه کیوی‌فروت طلایی، آزمایشی به­صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان آستارا اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شاهد (محلول‌پاشی با آب)، اوره با غلظت 5/1 درصد، سولفات­روی (2000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) اسید بوریک (1500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، اوره 5/1 درصد + سولفات­روی (2000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، اوره 5/1 درصد + اسید بوریک (1500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، ترکیب اوره 5/1 درصد + سولفات­روی (2000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) + اسید بوریک (1500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) بود که در سه مرحله نموی گیاه شامل آغاز تورم جوانه‌ها (اوایل اسفند ماه)، آغاز شکافتن کاسبرگ‌ها (اواخر فروردین ماه) و مرحله رشد سریع میوه (اوایل خرداد ماه) محلول­پاشی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که محلول­پاشی ترکیبات ذکر شده، بر میزان مواد جامد محلول کل، وزن خشک میوه، سفتی میوه، نسبت مواد جامد محلول به اسید کل، اسید آسکوربیک، فنل کل، فلاونوئید و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی میوه اثر معنی­داری داشت. همه صفات مورد بررسی به‌جز مواد جامد محلول و نسبت مواد جامد به اسید کل در اثر محلول‌پاشی عناصر غذایی افزایش یافت. محلول‌پاشی اوره، اسید بوریک و سولفات­روی به تنهایی و یا به­صورت ترکیب با یکدیگر سبب افزایش این عناصر در برگ و میوه گردید. بهترین تیمار مربوط به محلول‌پاشی ترکیبی اوره 5/1درصد + سولفات­روی 2000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر + اسید بوریک 1500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بود که همه صفات اندازه­گیری شده در این تیمار بالاترین میزان را داشتند. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده، می­توان بیان کرده که کاربرد همزمان اوره، اسید بوریک و سولفات­روی باعث افزایش کیفیت و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی میوه کیوی­فروت طلایی می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Adiloglu, A., and S. Adiloglu. 2006. The effect of boron (B) application on the growth and nutrient contents of maize in zinc (Zn) deficient soil. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 12: 387-392.
Ali, M. R., Mehraj, H., and A. F. M. Jamal Uddin. 2015. Effects of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth and yield of summer tomato. Journal Bioscience Agriculture Research. 6: 512-517.
Alloway, B. J. 2008. Fundamental Aspects. In Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition; International Zinc Association: Brussels, Belgium, 4: 30-35.
Amiri, M. E., Fallahi, E., and A. Golchin. 2008. Influence of foliar and ground fertilization on yield, fruit quality, and soil, leaf, and fruit mineral nutrients in apple. Journal of Plant Nutrient. 31(3): 515-525.
AOAC. 2000. Official method of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. Washington D.C. 12: 377-378.
Arzani, K., Khoshghalb, H., Malakouti, M. J., and M. Barzegar. 2010. Effect of Ca, Zn and B applications and harvest time on fruits polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in two Asian pear cultivars during storage. Journal of Crops Improvements. 12 (2): 1-9.
Arzani, K., Khoshghalb, H., Malakouti. M. J., and M. Barzegar. 2008. Postharvest physico-chemical changes and properties of Asian (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) and European (Pyrus communis L.) pear cultivars. Horticulture Environmental Biotechnology. 49(4): 244-252.
Ashour Nezhad, M., Ghasemnezhad, M., Aghajanzadeh, S., Fattahi Moghadam, J., D. Bakhshi. 2012. Evaluation of storage life and postharvest quality of kiwifruit cv, 'Hayward' fruits produced in conventional and organic agricultural systems. Journal of Agricultural Science. 22 (3): 1-12.
Ashour Nezhad, M., Ghasemnezhad, M., Gerailoo, S., and A. Mir Hoseini, A. 2011. Evaluation of qualitative characteristics in Kiwifruit cv. Hayward harvested from different regions of Guilan Province during two-month cold storage. Journal of Agricultural Science. 24 (2): 259-264.
Ashouri Vajari, M. A., Eshghi, S., Moghadam, J. F., and A. Gharaghani. 2018. Late season mineral foliar application improves nutritional reserves and flowering of kiwifruit. Scientia Horticulturae. 232:22-28.
Bacha, M. A., Sabbah, S. H., and M. A. El- Hamady. 1995. Effect of foliar applications of iron, zinc and manganese on yield, berry quality and leaf mineral composition of Thompson seedless and Roumy red grape cultivars. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research. 40(3): 315- 331.
Beniwal, B. S., Gupta, O. P., and V. P. Ahlawat. 1992. Effect of foliar application of urea and potassium sulphate on physico- chemical attributes of grape. Haryana Journal of Horticulture Research. 21: 161-165.
Blokhina, O., Virolainen, E., and K. V. Fagerstedt. 2003. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Annals of Botany. 91(2): 179-194.
Brown, P. H., Bellaloui, N., Wimmer, M. A., Bassil, E. S., Ruiz, J., Hu, H., Pfeffer, H., Dannel, F., and V. Römheld. 2002. Boron in plant biology. Plant Biological. 4: 205-223.
Burdon, J., Punter, M., Billing, D., Pidakala, P., and K. Kerr. 2014. Shrivel development in kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 87: 1-5.
Bybordi, A., and J. A. Shabanov. 2010. Effects of the foliar application of magnesium and zinc on the yield and quality of three grape cultivars grown in the calcareous soils of Iran. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 2: 81-86.
Camacho- Cristobal, J. J., and A. Gonzalez-Fontes. 2007. Boron deficency decreases plasmalemma H+-ATPase expression and nitrate uptake, and promotes ammonium assimilation into asparagine in tobacco roots. Planta. 226:443-445.
Cangi, R., and D. A. Atalay. 2006. Effects of different bud loading levels on the yield, leaf and fruit characteristics of Hayward kiwifruit. Horticultural Science. 33:23-28.
Carlos, H. C., and A. Kader. 1999. Kiwifruit Postharvest Quality Maintenance Guidelines. Department of Pomology University of California.
Castillo-González, J., Ojeda-Barrios, D., Hernández-Rodríguez, A., González-Franco, A. C., Robles-Hernández, L., and G. R. López-Ochoa. 2018. Zinc Metalloenzymes in Plants. Interciencia. 43: 242-248.
Crisosto, C. H., Mitcham, E. J., and A. A. Kader. 2013. Kiwifruit: recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis.
Cunniff, P. 1995. Official methods of analysis of the association of official agricultural chemists, 16th ed., Washington, DC, USA.
Davis, J. M., Sanders, D. C., Nelson, P. V., Lengnick, L., and W. J. Sperry. 2003. Boron improves growth, yield, quality, and nutrient content of tomato. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 128: 441-446.
Dialami, H., Rahkhodai, A., and A. H. Mohebbi. 2012. Effect of Nitrogen, Boron and Zinc Sprays on Fruit Set, Yield and Quality of Date Fruit (Cv Sayer). Journal of Pant Productions. 35 (1): 11-22.
Dong, S., Cheng, L., Scagel, C. F., and L. H. Fuchigami. 2002. Nitrogen absorption, translocation and distribution from urea applied in autumn to leaves of young potted apple (Malus domestica) trees. Tree Physiology. 22: 1305 1310.
Doulati Baneh, H., and M. Taheri. 2009. Effects of Foliar application of nutrient elements on fruit set and quantitative and qualitative traits of Keshmeshi grape cultivar. Seed and Plant Production. 25(1): 103-115.
Eftekhari, M., and Y. Sharafi. 2020. Microscopic study of fertilization and fruit set in apricot cultivars sprayed by zinc. Journal of Horticultural Plant Nutrition. 2:1-14.
Eide, D. J. 2011. The oxidative stress of zinc deficiency. Metallomics. 3: 1124-1129.
Emami, A. 1996. Plant Analysis methods. Soil and Water Research Institute. 2 (982): p128.
Eraslan, F., Inal, A., Gunes, A., and M. Alpaslan. 2007. Boron toxicity alters nitrate reductase activity, proline accumulation, membrane permeability, and mineral constituents of tomato and pepper plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 30: 981-994.
Erdogan, V., and A. Aygun. 2009. Effect of foliar boron application on fruit set in 'Tombul' hazelnut. Acta Horticulturae. 845:331-336.
Etehadnejad, F., and A. Aboutalebi. 2014. Evaluating the effects of foliar application of nitrogen and zinc on yield increasing and quality improvement of apple cv. ‘golabkohanz’. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. 4 (2): 125-129.
Fageria, N. K. 2009. The Use of Nutrients in Crop Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton. FL. USA.
FAO. 2021. FAOSTAT, FAO Statiscal Databases. http://faostat.fao.org.
Feng, J., MacKay, B. R., and K. M. Maguire. 2003. Variation in firmness of packed in Hayward kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae. 610:211-218.
Garcia, J. M., Aguilera, C., and M. A. Albi. 1995. Postharvest heat treatment on spanish strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Tudla). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 43: 1489-1492.
Gholami, R., Moallemi, N., Khaleghi, E. and S. M. Seyyednejad. 2018. The Effect of Potassium, Boron and Zinc Foliar Application on Fruit Characteristics of some Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Plant Nutrition. 32 (3): 459-470.
Hashemabadi, D., Hosheinzade, M., Kaviani, B., Musavi, M., keyghobadi, S., and S. Zahiri. 2014. Effect of nano-silver and boric acid on extending the vase life of cut rose (Rosa hybrid L.). Journal of Environmental Biology. 35: 833-88.
Haukioja, E., Ossipov, V., Koricheva, J., Honkanen, T., Karsson, S., and K. Lempa. 1998. Biosynthetic origin of carbonbased secondary compounds: cause of variable responses of woody plants to fertilization. Chemoelogy. 8: 133-139.
Hunter, D. C. J., Zhang, L. M., Stevenson, M., and A. Skinner. 2008. Fruit based functional Foods II: the process for identifying potential ingredient. Journal of food Science and Technology. 43: 2123- 2129.
Jamehbozorg, S. 2017. Effect of spraying zinc sulfate and gibberellic acid on some physiological and morphological characteristics of Bidaneh Sefid grape cultivar. MSc thesis, Malayer University, 154 pages.
Javanmardi, J., and H. Sattar. 2016. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of five greenhouse tomato cultivars in response to fertilizers containing seaweed extract and amino acids. Journals of Science and Technology of Greenhouse. Culture Soilless Culture Research Center. 7(1): 121-130.
Jouki, M., and N. KHazaei. 2011. Assessment of physical, chemical and mechanical properties of nectarines. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 11 (4): 57-66.
Kaacka, K., and H. L. Pedersen. 2014. Effects of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization on endogenous ethylene and quality characteristics of apples (Malus domestica L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition. 37(7): 1148-1155.
Kaijv, M., Sheng, L., and C. Chao. 2006. Antioxidation of flavonoids of green rhizome. Food Science. 27: 110-115.
Karimi, R., Koulivand, M., and M. Rasouli. 2018. The effect of foliar application of urea and iron chelate on fruit set, yield, quality and nutritional indices of grape. Journal of Pant Productions and Processing. 8 (2): 61-78.
Khayyat, M., Tafazoli, E. and S. Rajaee. 2007. Effect of nitrogen boron, potassium and zinc sprays on yield fruit quality data palm. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 2(3): 289-296.
Lallu, N., Burdon, J., Billing, D., Pidakala, P., Nangul, A., and A. Barnett. 2012. Report to ZESPRI Group Limited on Project PC1303. In preparation.
Malakouti, M. J. 2007. Zinc is a neglected element in the life cycle of plants. Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science Biotechnology. 1(1): 1-12.
Malakouti, M., and S. J. Tabatabai. 2000. Proper nutrition of fruit trees to increase yield and improve the quality of horticultural products in calcareous soils of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Education. 266 p.
Marschner, H. 2012. Mineral nutrition of higher plants, Third Edition, Academic Press, London.
Mohammadi torkashvand, A., Rahpeik, M. E., Hashemabadi, D., and S. A. Sajjad. 2016. Determining an appropriate fertilization planning to increase qualitative and quantitative characteristics of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa L.) in Astaneh Ashrafieh, Gilan, Iran. Air, Soil and Water Research. 9:69–76.
Moradi, B., Raeisi, T., and S. Shahnazari. 2016. Effect of different fertilization methods on yield and quality of Kiwifruit. Journal of Soil Research. 30 (3): 237-248.
Morton, A. R. 2013. Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp) vine and fruit responses to nitrogen fertilizer applied to the soil or leaves. PhD thesis. Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, New Zealand.
 
Mostofi, Y., and F. Najafi. 2005. Laboratory manual of analytical techniques if horticulture. University of Tehran Press. 15-60.
Motesharezadeh, B., Zarbizadeh, M., Savaghebi, G., Delshad, M., Hosseyni, M., and F. Bekhradi. 2018. Effects of different levels of Calcium nitrate on some Morpho-physiological and nutritional traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.). 48 (3): 535-544.
Mudau, F. N., Tuwana, S., Theron, K. I. and E. Rabe. 2004. Effect of timing and method of nitrogen application on rind color, fruit size, internal fruit quality and yield of ‘Mihowase Satsuma’ mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). South African Journal of Plant and Soil. 21(2), 90-93. 33.
Muhammad, S., Sanden, B. L., Lampinen, B. D., Saa, S., Siddiqui, M. I., Smart D. R., Olivos, A., Shackel, K. A., DeJong, T. and P. H. Brown. 2015. Seasonal changes in nutrient content and concentrations in a mature deciduous tree species: Studies in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb). European Journal of Agriculture. 65: 52–68.
Nava, G., Dechen, A. R. and G. R. Nachtigall. 2008. Nitrogen and potassium fertilization affect apple fruit quality in Southern Brazil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 39, 96-107.
Nava, G., Dechen, A. R., and G. R. Nachtiga. 2008. Nitrogen and potassium fertilization affect apple fruit quality in Southern Brazil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 39(1-2): 96-107
Neilsen, G. H., Neilsen, D. and L. Herbert. 2009. Nitrogen fertigation concentration and timing of application affect nitrogen nutrition, yield, firmness, and color of apple grown at high density. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 44:1425-1431.
Rahimi, M., and H. Asadi-Gharneh. 2019. Effect of foliar application of Zinc Sulfate and Seaweed on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of local Kermanshah Cantaloupe (Kalak). Journal of Pant Productions and Processing. 8 (4): 17-28.
Ramezanian, A., Rahemi, M., and M. Vazifehshenas. 2009. Effects of foliar application of calcium chloride and urea on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pome-granate fruits. Scientia Horticulturae. 121: 171–175.
Rimmer, D. L. 2006. Free radicals, antioxidants, and soil organic matter recalcitrance. European Journal of Soil Science. 57: 91–94.
Roach, T., and A. K. Liszkay. 2014. Regulation of photosynthetic electron transport and photo inhibition. Current Protein Pept Sciences. 15: 351–362.
Saadati, S., Moallemi, N., Mortazavi, S. M. H., and S. M. Seyyed Nejad. 2016. Foliar applications of zinc and boron on fruit set and some fruit quality of olive. Vegetos, 29:2
Saadati, S., Moallemi, N., Mortazavi, S. M. H., and S. M. Seyyednejad. 2013. Effects of Zinc and Boron foliar application on soluble carbohydrate and oil contents of three olive cultivars during fruit ripening. Journal of Scientia Horticulturae. 164: 30-34.
Sanchez, E. E., and T. L. Righetti. 2005. Effect of postharvest soil and foliar application of boron fertilizer on the partitioning of boron in apple trees. Horticultural science. 40: 2115-2119.
Santoni, F., Paolini, J., Barboni, T., and J. Cost. 2014. Relationships between the leaf and fruit mineral compositions of Actinidia deliciosa var. Hayward according to nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Food Chemistry. 147:269–271.
Seyed Kalayi, F., Sadeghi, H., and H. Moradi. 2015. Effect of foliar application of nitrogen, boron and zinc on auxin content, fruit formation and shedding in Thomson Novell orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Thomson navel). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 3: 367-378.
Seyoum, A., Asres, K., and F. K. El-Fiky. 2006. Structure radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoid. Phytochemistry. 67(18): 2058-2070.
Sharafi, Y. 2019. Effects of zinc on pollen gamete penetration to pistils in some apple crosses assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Caryologia. 72: 63-73.
Sharafi, Y., and M. Raina. 2020. Effect of boron on pollen attributes in different cultivars of Malus domestica L. National Academy Science Letters. 43(4): 399-403.
Singleton, V. L., and J. A. Rossi. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Enology and Viticulture. 16: 144-158.
Smith, G. S., Clarkand, C. J. and J. G. Buwalda. 1988. Nutrient dynamics of a kiwifruit ecosystem. Science Horticulture. 37: 87-109.
Song, C. Z., Liu, M. Y., Meng, J. F., Chi, M., Xi, Z. M., and Z. W. Zhang. 2015. Promoting effect of foliage sprayed Zinc sulfate on accumulation of sugar and phenolics in berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on Zinc deficient soil. Journal of Molecules. 20: 2536-2554.
Sun, T., Powers, J. R. and J. Tang. 2007. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Asparagus, broccoli and their juices. Food Chemistry. 105: 101-106.
Tabatabaei, S. J., Yusefi, M., and J. Hajiloo. 2007. Effects of shading and NO3: NH4 ratio on the yield, quality and N metabolism in strawberry. Scientia Horticulturae. 116: 264-272.
Tadayon, M. S., and H. Rastegar. 2004. Effect of zinc, manganese and magnesium sulfate foliar spray on the fruit yield and quality of ‘Jahrom local’ orange (Citrus sinensis). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 5(4): 201-214.
Tagliavini, M., Inglese, P., and A. Rombola. 2000. Root uptake, storage and re-mobilisation of autumn applied nitrogen to kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines. Agronomy journal. 20: 23-30.
Taheri, M. 2009. Investigation of the effect of foliar nitrogen, boron and zinc on fruit set and some quantitative and qualitative properties of yellow local varieties ofolive. M.Sc. Thesis, Tehran University, Agricultur College. 145.
Taheri, M., Basirat, M., Khoshoozaman, T., Consultant, M., and M. Shakeri. 2017. Integrated management of soil fertility and plant nutrition in olive trees. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Soil and Water Research Institute. 109 p.
Talaei, A., Badam Mahmoud, M. T., and M. J. Malakouti. 2001. The effect of foliar application of nitrogen, boron and zinc on the quantity and quality of olive fruit, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4: 727-736.
Tarakcioglu, C., Askin, T., Cangi, R., and C. Duran. 2006. Nutritional status in some kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) orchards: A case survey from Karadeniz region in Turkey. Journal of Plant Science. 2: 187-194.
Tavarini, S., Degl'Innocenti, E., Remorini, D., Massai, R., and L. Guid. 2008. Anti-oxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, total phenols and carotenoids changes during harvest and after storage of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit. Food Chemistry. 107: 282-288.
Usha, K., and B. Singh. 2001. Effect of macro and micro-nutrient spray on fruit yield and quality of grape (vitis vinifera L.) Cv. Perlette. International Symposium on Foliar Nutrition of Perennial Fruit Plants. 594: 197-202.
Wang, Y., Xie, X., and L. long. 2013. The effect of postharvest calcium application in hydro-cooling water on tissue calcium content, biochemical changes, and quality attributes of sweet cherry fruit. Food Chemistry. 160: 22-30.
Woodward, T. J. 2006. Variation in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit quality characteristics. PhD Thesis, University of Waikato, New Zealand.
Yildirim, E. 2007. Foliar and soil fertilization of humic acid affect productivity and quality of tomato. Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, Section B-Soil and plant Science. 57: 182-186.
Zeinalzadeh, I. 2020. Export and import regulations. Commercial Publishing Company. Iran.