ارزیابی عملکرد و ویژگی‌های کیفی گیاه دارویی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata Forsk ) در پاسخ به حاصلخیز کننده‌ های فسفری و روش کاشت در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آگرواکولوژی دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

3 استاد گروه زراعت دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

چکیده

 به منظور ارزیابی روش کاشت و حاصلخیز کننده‌های فسفره در پاسخ عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های کیفی گیاه دارویی اسفرزه  به تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت– فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل واقع در چاه­نیمه اجراء گردید. عامل اصلی شامل تنش خشکی در سه سطح، آبیاری پس از 60، 120 و 180 میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاسA  و عامل فرعی ترکیب روش کاشت بذر (مسطح یا جوی و پشته) و انواع حاصلخیز کننده‌های فسفره شامل 100 درصد کود سوپر فسفات تریپل، کود زیستی فسفات بارور2، تلفیقی کود زیستی فسفات بارور2 و 50 درصد کود سوپر فسفات تریپل و بدون کاربرد کود بودند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌های برهمکنش تنش خشکی و حاصلخیز کننده‌های فسفره نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد سنبله در بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و کلروفیل کل برگ از تیمار آبیاری متداول (آبیاری پس از 60  میلی­متر تبخیر) با کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی فسفره و بیشترین کاروتنوئید (78/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن برگ) و موسیلاژ (04/15درصد) از تیمار تنش شدید خشکی با کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی فسفره به‌دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج میزان پرولین و کربوهیدرات‌های محلول تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی و حاصلخیزکننده‌های فسفره قرار گرفتند و استفاده از کودهای فسفره و افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، بر میزان آن‌ها افزود. باتوجه به نتایج حاصل این گونه استنباط می‌شود، آبیاری متداول، استفاده از حاصلخیز کننده‌های فسفره و روش کاشت مسطح می­تواند عملکرد زیستی و ویژگی‌های کیفی اسفرزه را افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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