بهبود عملکرد و شاخص‌های فتوسنتزی کاهو لولوروسا با کود زیستی باکتریایی در غلـظت‌های مختلف فسفر در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه استفاده از میکروارگانیسم­های حل­کننده فسفات به منظور کاهش مصرف کود­های فسفره مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. در این راستا آزمایشی گلخانه­ای (به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی) به منظور ارزیابی اثر باکتری UTB96 Bacillus subtilis و غلظت­های مختلف فسفر محلول غذایی (5/12، 25، 5/37، 50 و 5/62 میلی گرم بر لیتر) بر عملکرد، رنگیزه­ها و شاخص­های فتوسنتزی، نسبت فسفر ریشه به ساقه کاهو لولوروسا و جمعیت باکتری (CFU) بستر در 3 تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از باکتری در بستر­های کشت به­تنهایی سبب افزایش 88/20 درصدی عملکرد در مقایسه با تیمار بدون تلقیح باکتری شد. همچنین استفاده مجزای تیمار­های فسفره نشان داد که تیمار استاندارد فسفر در مقایسه با پایین­ترین سطح فسفر (5/12 میلی گرم بر لیتر) به­ترتیب سبب افزایش 97/93%، 27/61%و 27/48% عملکرد، نرخ فتوسنتز و کلروفیل کل گردید. اثر متقابل UTB96 B. subtilis و غلظت­های مختلف فسفر محلول غذایی نشان داد که همانند تیمار 50 میلی گرم بر لیتر، کاهش 25 درصدی مصرف فسفر (غلظت 5/37 میلی گرم بر لیتر) نیز در تیمار­های با تلقیح باکتریایی سبب بروز بالاترین مقادیر نرخ فتوسنتز،CFU و کاهش 50 درصدی فسفر (غلظت 25 میلی گرم بر لیتر) سبب افزایش جذب فسفر بافت­های ریشه و ساقه کاهو لولوروسا گردید. عملکرد گیاهان با تیمار 5/37 میلی گرم بر لیتر فسفر و تلقیح باکتریایی (BS1P3) بیشتر از تیمار 50 میلی گرم بر لیتر فسفر و بدون تلقیح باکتریایی (BS0P4) بوده است. بنابراین نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که با بهره­گیری از باکتری UTB96 B. subtilis نه تنها می توان سبب افزایش عملکرد محصولات گلخانه­ای در شرایط کشت بدون خاک شد، بلکه می توان با کاهش 25 درصدی مصرف کود­های فسفره نتایج مشابه با تیمار­های استاندارد را هم انتظار داشت. بنابراین این یافته ­ها گام موثری در کاهش مصرف کود­های گران قیمت فسفره و کاهش آلودگی­های زیست محیطی می­باشد.

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