Investigation of the effects of biochar and wood vinegar on morpho-physiological traits of African marigold under salt stress

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 MS.C graduate, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Mohaghegh ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Associate professor, Faculty of agricultural Science (Meshkin-Shahr Campus), University of Mohaghegh ardabili, , Ardabil, Iran.

3 Associate professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of agricultural Science and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ardabil, , Ardabil, Iran.

4 Associate professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of agricultural Science and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

5 Associate professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of agricultural Science and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ardabiil, , Ardabil, Iran.

6 Assistant professor, Faculty of agricultural Science (Meshkin-Shahr Campus), University of Mohaghegh ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Recently the addition of cheap and available organic compounds to soils has attracted the attention of many researchers. Mineral salts are an important plant stress factor, having adverse impacts on urban trees and road verges where salts are used for de-icing.
Material and methods: Here we investigated the effects of biochar 0, 5, 10 g/pot (0, 5, 10 ton/ha) and wood vinegar 0, 2 and 4 ml/pot (0, 2000 and 4000 L/ha) to mitigate salt-induced stress (0.4, 2.1 and 4.2 dS m−1), simulating road salt additions in a factorial glasshouse experiment in the university of Mohaghegh Ardbili.
Results and discussion: Results showed that increasing slat stress reduced flower number, flower size, flowering period and total phenolic compound and leaf relative water content, whereas electrolytic leakage and total phenolic compound were increased. Wood vinegar reduced electrolyte leakage in comparison to biochar and control, increased relative water content, flower number and stem diameter, but wood vinegar did not affect flowering period and flower size. Plants treated with biochar showed an increase in all vegetative traits and relative water content, while there was a significant decline in electrolyte leakage. The highest plant dry weight was recorded in plants treated with 10 g/pot of biochar under 0.4dS m−1. Under severe salt stress (4.2 dS m−1) the highest dry weight was recorded in plants treated with biochar and 4 ml/pot of wood vinegar. Leaf chlorophyll content and chlorophyll stability index (RSI) under both normal and salt stress condition in biochar-treated plant were significantly higher than control plant. Increasing salt level significantly increased enzyme activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. Under low stress conditions treatment did not affect enzyme activity, while under high salinity stress conditions biochar and wood vinegar reduced enzyme activity.
Conclusions: results of present experiment showed that biochar and wood vinegar are able to mitigate salt stress in marigold pants. It seems these compounds alleviate salt stress by optimizing plant water relations and soil conditions. 

Keywords

References

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