Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on growth characteristic and nutrient uptake of marigold under NaCl stress

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Horticultural Science, Shirvan Azad University, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Shirvan Azad University, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Shirvan Azad University, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) generally have positive impacts on the growth, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of plants. Salinity is one of the major environmental factors that limited the growth and production of most crops due to the different plant species and growth stages. Under salinity, ions, mostly Na+ and Cl-, accumulate in the tissues of plants and cause significant physiological disorders and reduction in plant growth and development. Therefore, using different methods for reducing the harmful effects of salinity is very important. Various ameliorating agents such as nanoparticles (NPs) have been used for combating various abiotic stresses like salinity. Calendula officinalis L. (marigold) is an annual ornamental and medicinal plant from Asteraceae family that widely cultivated for different purposes like producing industrial products in culinary, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries.
Material and methods: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TiO2NPs on biochemical and physiological parameters of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under NaCl stress. Treatments included TiO2NPs applied as foliar spraying in three levels (50, 100, and 200 mg/L), no foliar application as control, and different NaCl levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM) by adding NaCl into irrigation water. The studied traits were included height, number of brunches, Number of flowering branch Number of flowers, Flower diameter, Total flower  fresh  weight, Total flower  dry weight, Flower yield, Leaf area , Plant  fresh and dry  weight, Root  fresh and dry  weight, Root length and volume and element content (N, P, K, Fe, Mn,Mg,Ca, Zn, Na, Ti). Statistical analysis was performed using JAMP 13software. The mean comparison was done by LSD test at the 5% probability level.
Results and discussion: According to the results, with increasing salinity, the growth characteristics of the plant decreased and the application of TiO2NPs, especially in 200 mg/L level, improved these traits. In addition salinity affected the nutrient uptake of the plant. Application of TiO2NPs improved the nutrient uptake of marigold under NaCl stress. Also, TiO2NPs mitigated the detrimental effects of salinity on the studied traits which were decreased under different NaCl concentrations. Among different applied TiO2NPs levels, 200 mg/L is more effective than the other concentrations.
Conclusions: The stimulatory effect of foliar application of TiO2NPs under NaCl stress on enhancing growth characteristics and nutrient uptake of marigold were observed in this study. At the higher NaCl levels, the negative effects of NaCl on plant growth were observed. The application of TiO2NPs had different effects on the studied traits.  In most cases, 200 mg/L TiO2was the most effective concentration to mitigate the negative effects of salinity. In addition, TiO2 helped the plants to resist NaCl stress and mitigate the harmful effects of salinity. On the other hand, proper osmoprotectants and antioxidants may induce the synthesis and accumulation of bioactive naturally compounds. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that foliar application of TiO2NPs under NaCl stress can alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity and also improved the growth of marigold by increasing the nutrient element content such as Fe, Mg and N that effective in chlorophyll synthesis.

Keywords

References

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Horticultural Plants Nutrition
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 8
March 2022
Pages 113-128

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