بهبود خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی گشنیز با استفاده از باکتری بومی حل‌کننده روی و سولفات روی در شرایط گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 گروه علوم باغبانی گرایش گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

اغلب کشاورزان به منظور افزایش محصول، از کودهای شیمیایی استفاده می‌کنند که این کود‌ها علاوه بر نقش مثبت بر رشد گیاه باعث آسیب به خاک و محیط زیست می‌شوند. امروزه جهت جلوگیری از این آلودگی‌ها و افزایش راندمان تولید محصولات کشاورزی مخصوصا گیاهان دارویی، استفاده از کودهای زیستی و بیولوژیکی به عنوان روش جایگزین مناسب برای کود‌های شیمیایی معرفی شدند. گیاه گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L.) با توجه به ترکیبات دارویی موجود در آن از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر به صورت دو آزمایش مجزا انجام گردید: آزمایش اول، ارزیابی روش‌های مختلف تلقیح با باکتری حل‌کننده عنصر روی (Burkholderia cepacia) که در سه سطح شامل بدون تلقیح (شاهد)، بذرمال و خاک مصرف بودند. در آزمایش دوم نیز تأثیر تیمار‌های مختلف کود سولفات روی به دو صورت محلول‌پاشی و خاک مصرف به همراه حضور و عدم حضور باکتری بر برخی صفات جوانه‌زنی، رویشی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه گشنیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش اول نشان داد که تلقیح با باکتری موجب افزایش معنی‌دار صفات جوانه‌زنی، صفات رویشی و رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی (72/3-116 درصد در تیمار بذرمال و 10/3-123 درصد در تیمار خاک مصرف بسته به نوع صفت) نسبت به شرایط عدم تلقیح شد و بین روش‌های تلقیح اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. همچنین، از میان تیمارهای سولفات روی مورد مطالعه در آزمایش دوم می‌توان تیمار محلول‌پاشی 3 گرم در لیتر و خاک مصرف 5 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم را به عنوان بهترین تیمارهای برای افزایش کمیّت و کیفیت گیاه دارویی گشنیز پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Ahemad, M., and M. Kibret. 2014. Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. Journal of King Saud University-science. 26(1):1-20.
Akhtar, N., M. Abdul-Matin-Sarker, Akhtar, H. and Katrun-Nada, M., 2009. Effect of planting time and micronutrient as zinc chloride on the growth, yield and oil content of Mentha piperita. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 44:125-130.
Aravind, P., and Prasad, M. N. V. (2004). Zinc protects chloroplasts and associated photochemical functions in cadmium exposed Ceratophyllum demersum L., a freshwater macrophyte. Plant Science. 166(5):1321-1327.
Arnon, D. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenoloxidase in Beta Vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1):1-15.
Badran, F.S., and M.S. Safwat. 2004. Response of fennel plants to organic manure and bio-fertilizers in replacement of chemical fertilization. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research. 82(2):247-256.
Bahari Saravi, H., H. Pirdashti., and Y. Yaghoubian. 2015. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria along with zinc and manganese foliar spraying on morphological and growth parameters of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology. 1(4):1-18 (in Persian with English abstract).
Bakhshandeh, E., H. Pirdashti., and K.H. Shahsavarpour Lendeh. 2017. Phosphate and potassium-solubilizing bacteria effect on the growth of rice. Ecological Engineering. 103:164-169.
Bakhshandeh, E., H. Rahimian., H. Pirdashti., and G.H.A. Nematzadeh. 2015. Evaluation of phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria on the growth and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropped in northern Iran. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 119:1371-1382.
Bakhshandeh, E., M. Gholamhosseini, Y. Yaghoubian., and H. Pirdashti. 2020. Plant growth promoting microorganisms can improve germination, seedling growth and potassium uptake of soybean under drought and salt stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 90(1):123-136.
Bennett, A.J., and J.M. Whipps. 2008. Dual application of beneficial micro-organisms to seed during drum priming. Applied Soil Ecology. 38:83-89. 
Bigonah, R., P. Rezvani Moghadam., and M. Jahan. 2014. The effect of different fertilizer managements on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Research. 4(12): 581-574 (in Persian with English abstract).
Chance, B., and A.C. Maehly. 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. In: Collowick S.P., Kapplan N.O., (eds). Methods in enzymology. Academic Press, New York. (2) pp. 764-775.
Chang. C.C., M.H. Yang., H.M. Wen. and J.C. Chern. 2002. Estmation of total flavonoid content in proplis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 10(3):178-182.
Chegeni, Z., M. Zolfaghari., F. Sedighi Dehkordi., and M. Mahmoodi Sourestani. 2019. The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, PGPRs and chemical fertilizer on yield and essential oil content of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) Seed. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 4(28):93-104 (in Persian with English abstract).
Chen, J., S. Li, Xu, B., Su, C., Jiang, Q., Zhou, C., Jin, Q., Zhao, Y. and Xiao, M. 2017. Characterization of Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 for phenol degradation and plant growth promotion and its application in bioremediation of contaminated soil. Land Degradation & Development. 28(3):1091-1099.
Daghighian N., Habibi D., Madani H., and Sajedi N.A. 2011. The evaluation of effects of the best method and time application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on N, P, K assimilation and seed yield in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 3(1):94-100 (in Persian with English abstract).
Darughe, F., M. Barzegar. and M.A. Sahari. 2012. Antioxidant and antifungal activity of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil in cake. International Food Research Journal. 19(3):1253-1260.
 
Dehghani Mashkani, M., H. Naghdi Badi., M. Darzi., A. Mehrafarin., S. Rezazadeh., and Z. Kadkhoda. 2011. The effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of shirazian babooneh (Matricaria recutita L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants. 10 (38):35-48 (in Persian with English abstract).
Duy M.V., Hoi N.T., Ve N.B., Thuc L.V and Trang N.Q, 2016. Influence of Cellulomonas flavigena, Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp. on rice growth and yield grown in submerged soil amended with rice straw. Recent Trends in PGPR Research for Sustainable Crop Productivity. 238 pages.
Ebrahimzadeh M.A., Nabavi S.F., and Nabavi S.M. 2009. Antioxidant activity of leaves and inflorescence of Eryngium Caucasicum Trautv at flowering stage. Pharmacognocy Research, 1(6): 435-439.
Egamberdieva, D. 2012. Pseudomonas chlororaphis: a salt-tolerant bacterial inoculant for plant growth stimulation under saline soil conditions. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 34(2):751-756.
Faghih Abdollahi, L., H. Pirdashti., and Y. Yaghoubian. 2013. Effect of biological treatments on dill (Aniethum graveolens L.) seed germination and seedling growth under copper nitrate contamination. Seed Research (Journal of Seed Science and Technology). 2(4):13-23 (in Persian with English abstract).
Fallah, S., and M. Nazari.  2012. Application effects of biofertilizers and zinc sulfate on growth and yield of fenugreek medicinal plant under drought stress conditions in Shahrekord region. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 2(5): 147-159 (in Persian with English abstract).
Fang, Y., L. Wang, Xin, Z., Zhao, L., An, X. and Hu, Q. 2008. Effect of foliar application of zinc, selenium, and iron fertilizers on nutrients concentration and yield of rice grain in China. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 56:2079-2084.
Giannopolitis. C., and S. Ries. 1977. Superoxide dismutase. I. Occurrence in higher plants, Plant Physiology. 59:309-314.
 
Heidari, F., S. Zehtab Salmasi., A. Javanshir., H. Aliari., and M.R. Dadpoor. 2008. The effects of application microelements and plant density on yield and essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 24(1):1-9 (in Persian with English abstract).
Hussain, A., Z.A. Zahir, Asghar, H.N., Ahmad, M., Jamil, M., Naveed, M. and Akhtar, M.F.U.Z. 2018. Zinc solubilizing bacteria for zinc biofortification in cereals: a step toward sustainable nutritional security. In Role of rhizospheric microbes in soil. Springer, Singapore. 203-227.
Inanloofar, M., H. Omidi and., and A. Pazoki. 2013. Morphological, agronomical changes and oil content in purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under drought stress and biological/chemical fertilizer of nitrogen. Journal of Medicinal Plants.12 (48):170-184 (in Persian with English abstract).
Ma, W., F.C. Guinel., and B.R. Glick. 2003. Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase promotes nodulation of pea plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 69(8):4396-4402.
Mahmood A. , Turgay O.C. , Farooq M. and Hayat R. (2016). Seed biopriming with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. a review. FEMSMicrobiology Ecology. 92(8):1-14. doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiw112
Marichali, A., S. Dallali, Ouerghemmi, S., Sebei, H. and Hosni, K. 2014. Germination, morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to zinc excess. Industrial Crops and Products, 55:248-257.
Mikula, K., G. Izydorczyk, Skrzypczak, D., Mironiuk, M., Moustakas, K., Witek-Krowiak, A. and Chojnacka, K. 2020. Controlled release micronutrient fertilizers for precision agriculture–A review. Science of the Total Environment. 712:136365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136365
Mishra, J., R. Singh, and N.K. Arora. 2017. Plant growth-promoting microbes: diverse roles in agriculture and environmental sustainability, in Probiotics and Plant Health. Springer, Singapore. p. 71-111.
 
Moghaddasan, SH., A. Safipour., and F. Saidnematpour. 2015. The role of mycorrhizae in drought tolerance of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 9(36):521-532 (in Persian with English abstract).
Mohammadi Kashka, F., H. Pirdashti., Y. Yaghoubian., and S.H. Bahari Saravi. 2016. Effect of Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica coexistence with Enterobacter sp. on the growth and photosynthetic pigments of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 8:121-133 (in Persian with English abstract).
Mohammadi, M., N. Majnoun Hosseini., and M. Dashtaki. 2017. Effects of nano-ferric oxide and zinc sulfate on chlorophyll, anthocyanin, flavonoid and leaf mineral elements of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) at Karaj climatic conditions. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants. 5(32):770-783 (in Persian with English abstract).
Moradi Telavat, M., F. Roshan., and S. A. Siadat. 2015. Effect of foliar application of zinc sulfate on minerals contenet, seed and oil yields of two safflower cultivars Carthamus tinctorius L. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 17(2):153-164 (in Persian with English abstract).
Mukhtar, I. 2008. Influence of Trichoderma species on seed germination in okra. Mycopath. 6(1&2):47-50.
Nazari, M.,  S. Fallah.,  S.h.Kiani., and  J.Jalilian. 2014. Effect of chemical and biological fertilizers combination on cadmium concentration and growth parameters of fenugreek medicinal plant in cadmium polluted soil. Electronic Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 3(4): 215-231 (in Persian with English abstract).
Omidi, H., H. Naghdi Badi., A. Golzad., H. M. Torabi. 2009. The effect of chemical and biofertilizer source of nitrogen on qualitative and quantitative yield of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants. 8 (30):98-109 (in Persian with English abstract).
Panahyan Kivi, M. 2019. Effects of zinc sulfate foliar spray on yield, yield components and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants. 2(35):309-322 (in Persian with English abstract).
 
Pii, Y., T. Mimmo, Tomasi, N., Terzano, R., Cesco, S., and Crecchio. C. 2015. Microbial interactions in the rhizosphere: Beneficial influences of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria on nutrient acquisition process. A review. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 51(4):403-15.
Rahmatzadeh, S., and S.K. Kazemitabar. 2013. Biochemical and antioxidant changes in regenerated periwinkle plantlets due to mycorrhizal colonization during acclimatization. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. 5(14):1535-1540.
Rehman, A., M. Farooq, Naveed, M., Nawaz, A. and Shahzad, B. 2018. Seed priming of Zn with endophytic bacteria improves the productivity and grain biofortification of bread wheat. European Journal of Agronomy. 94:98-107.
Riyazi, P., F. Nejatzadeh., and E. Valizadegan. 2016. Effect of irrigation and Zinc nutrition on growth and yield of essential oil (Salvia officinalis L.). New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal. 6(22):35-40 (in Persian with English abstract).
 
Silva, F., Domeño, C. and Domingues, F.C. 2020. Coriandrum sativum L.: Characterization, biological activities, and applications. In Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention. Academic Press. 497-519 Pages. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818553-7.00035-8
Slinkard, K., and V. singleton.1977. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American journal of Enology and Viticulture. 28:49-55.
Soltani, A., and Maddah, V. 2010. Simple applied programs for education and research in agronomy. ISSA Press, Iran, 80 Pages.
Torfi, V., A. Danesh Shahraki., and K. Saeidi. 2016. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on morphological traits and essential oil content of moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of Plant Productions. 2(39):57-70 (in Persian with English abstract).
Upadhyay, S., J. Singh, and D. Singh. 2011. Exopolysaccharide-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under salinity condition. Pedosphere. 21(2):214-222.