ارزیابی عملکرد برگ، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی چای سبز (.Camellia sinensis L) در پاسخ به رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی نانوکلات مس و روی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی، گروه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان،رشت، گیلان، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد نانوکودهای مس و روی و تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات مختلف فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی بوته چای و در شرایط باغی انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال 1398 در باغات تحقیقاتی منتخب چای شهرستان رودسر اجرا شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل سه سطح تنش کمبود آب بر اساس آبیاری، IR1: 15 (شاهد)، IR2: 30 (تنش متوسط) و IR3: 45 (تنش شدید) درصد ظرفیت زراعی و چهار سطح محلول‌پاشی شامل؛ FA1: آب مقطر (شاهد)، FA2: نانو کلات مس (5/0 میلی‌گرم در یک لیتر آب مقطر)، FA3: نانو کلات روی (5/2 میلی‌گرم در یک لیتر آب مقطر) و FA4: نانو کلات مس+نانو کلات روی (5/0 میلی‌گرم نانوکلات مس + 5/2 میلی‌گرم نانوکلات روی در یک لیتر آب مقطر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات اصلی رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی بر کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پروتئین برگ و کربوهیدرات محلول و برهمکنش رژیم‌های آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی بر عملکرد برگ سبز، سرعت فتوسنتز، غلظت پرولین، فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز معنی‌دار بود. تحت شرایط تنش متوسط و شدید، بهینه عملکرد برگ سبز، سرعت فتوسنتز گیاه،  بیشترین میزان فعالیت‌های آنتی اکسیدانی و غلظت پرولین از تیمار محلول‌پاشی هم‌زمان نانو کلات‌های مس و روی به‌دست آمد. محلول‌پاشی هم‌زمان مس و روی، محلول‌پاشی روی و محلول‌پاشی مس به‌ترتیب 40/58، 54/32 و 28/31 درصد عملکرد برگ سبز چای نسبت به شاهد تحت شرایط تنش متوسط شد. عناصر ریزمغذی نظیر مس و روی قادر به افزایش عملکرد برگ سبز، سرعت فتوسنتر، رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی، غلظت کربوهیدرات محلول و پروتئین برگ تحت شرایط تنش خشکی است. همچنین این عناصر موجب افزایش فعالیت آنتی اکسیدان‌ها در شرایط تنش شده و در بروز مقاومت بوته چای و کاهش خسارات ناشی از کم‌آبی در باغات چای بسیار مؤثر هستند.

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