اثر محلول‌پاشی برخی عناصر ریزمغذی بر رشد، زی‌توده و خصوصیات مورفولوژی و فیزیولوژی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum) در سه سیستم مختلف کشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی بر رشد، زی‌توده و خصوصیات مورفو-فیزیولوژی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum) در سه سیستم مختلف کشت بود. این مطالعه‌ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح بلوک­های کامل ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ انجام شد. سیستم­های مختلف کشت (کشت در مزرعه، کشت در گلخانه خاکی و هیدروپونیک) به‌عنوان فاکتور اول و محلول‌پاشی برگی عناصر کم­مصرف در شش سطح (شاهد یا بدون محلول‌پاشی و محلول‌پاشی آهن، روی، مس، منگنز و بور) به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. گیاهان مزرعه‌‌ دارای قطر طوقه، تعداد گره، تعداد برگ، وزن خشک ساقه، تعداد شاخه جانبی و میزان کاروتنویید بالاتری بودند. با این حال، در سیستم هیدروپونیک گیاهان از ارتفاع بوته، طول میانگره، وزن تر بوته، وزن خشک بوته، سطح برگ، میزان کلروفیل، هدایت روزنه‌ای و فتوسنتز بیش‌تری برخوردار بودند. کاربرد روی منجر به حصول بیشترین وزن خشک برگ گردید. در کشت مزرعه، بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، طول میانگره، قطر طوقه، تعداد شاخه جانبی، سطح برگ و وزن خشک ساقه در محلول‌پاشی آهن مشاهده شد. در کشت خاکی گلخانه، بیشترین ارتفاع بوته و طول میانگره با کاربرد بور و آهن به‌دست آمد. در کشت هیدروپونیک نیز بالاترین ارتفاع و طول میانگره با کاربرد بور به‌دست آمد. بیشترین میزان فتوسنتز و هدایت روزنه‌ای در کشت مزرعه‌ای و کشت خاکی گلخانه با محلول‌پاشی آهن، و در کشت هیدروپونیک با محلول‌پاشی مس و آهن مشاهده شد. در مجموع، گیاهان ریحان در مزرعه نه تنها عملکرد کمتری داشتند بلکه حالت خشبی بوته‌ها کیفیت خوراکی آن‌ها را به عنوان سبزی کاهش داد.

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