تأثیر کاربرد کودهای آلی و اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات رشدی، فلاونوئیدها و رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی بادرشبویه Dracocephalum moldavica L.) )

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه بدلیل مضرات کودهای شیمیایی کاربرد کودهای آلی در پرورش گیاهان دارویی از جمله راهبردهای تغذیه گیاه برای نیل به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار است. بادرشبویه(Dracocephalum moldavica L.)  گیاهی دارویی است که کاربرد فراوانی در صنایع دارویی، غذایی، بهداشتی و بویژه در مراسم‌های مختلف سنتی مردم استان آذربایجانغربی دارد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تاثیر ورمی‌کمپوست، کود گاوی و غلظت های مختلف اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات رویشی، عملکرد اسانس و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی بادرشبویه انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز شهید باکری میاندوآب اجرا شد. فاکتور کود آلی در سه سطح (کود دامی30 تن در هکتار، کود ورمی کومپوست 10 تن در هکتار و تیمار شاهد) و فاکتور اسید سالیسیلیک (در چهار سطح 0، 5/0، 1 و 5/1 میلی مولار) بود.
     نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد اثر کود آلی و غلظت اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات اندازه گیری شده در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار بود. مقایسات میانگین نشان داد بیشترین ارتفاع بوته(3/52 سانتی­متر)، تعداد برگ (98/64 عدد)و کلروفیل a (843/0 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در تیمار ورمی کمپوست و غلظت 5/1 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک بود. بیشترین میزان کاروتنوئید (483/0 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در تیمار کود گاوی و غلظت 5/1 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و بیشترین میزان فلاونوئید (01/216 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن تر) درتیمار کود گاوی و غلظت 5/0 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک بدست آمد. از نظر اسانس بیشترین عملکرد اسانس (446/11 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار کود گاوی و غلظت 5/1 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک بدست آمد. بنابراین می توان گفت در راستای کاهش مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی و نیل به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار می‌توان بخشی از نیاز عناصر غذایی گیاه بادرشبویه را با کاربرد کودهای آلی و اسیدسالیسیلیک تامین نمود.

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